So I plainly installed phantomjs. Running it gives me following output:
$ phantomjs --version
This application failed to start because it could not find or load the Qt platform plugin "xcb".
Available platform plugins are: phantom.
Reinstalling the application may fix this problem.
PhantomJS has crashed. Please read the bug reporting guide at
<http://phantomjs.org/bug-reporting.html> and file a bug report.
Aborted (core dumped)
So far so bad. If case I used my favorite search engine and also asked on IRC, unfortunately I am still clueless on how to get it running.
Obviously I checked for Qt dependencies, but they are satisfied.
Running ldd against both the Qt XCB module and phantomjs reveals nothing missing:
$ ldd /usr/lib/qt/plugins/platforms/libqxcb.so
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007fff48df2000)
libQt5XcbQpa.so.5 => /usr/lib/libQt5XcbQpa.so.5 (0x00007f3698239000)
libQt5Gui.so.5 => /usr/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5 (0x00007f3697afd000)
libQt5Core.so.5 => /usr/lib/libQt5Core.so.5 (0x00007f3697426000)
libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f369709e000)
libc.so.6 => /usr/lib/libc.so.6 (0x00007f3696d00000)
libX11-xcb.so.1 => /usr/lib/libX11-xcb.so.1 (0x00007f3696afe000)
libXi.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXi.so.6 (0x00007f36968eb000)
libSM.so.6 => /usr/lib/libSM.so.6 (0x00007f36966e3000)
libICE.so.6 => /usr/lib/libICE.so.6 (0x00007f36964c6000)
libxcb.so.1 => /usr/lib/libxcb.so.1 (0x00007f369629d000)
libxcb-image.so.0 => /usr/lib/libxcb-image.so.0 (0x00007f3696098000)
libxcb-icccm.so.4 => /usr/lib/libxcb-icccm.so.4 (0x00007f3695e93000)
libxcb-sync.so.1 => /usr/lib/libxcb-sync.so.1 (0x00007f3695c8a000)
libxcb-xfixes.so.0 => /usr/lib/libxcb-xfixes.so.0 (0x00007f3695a82000)
libxcb-shm.so.0 => /usr/lib/libxcb-shm.so.0 (0x00007f369587e000)
libxcb-randr.so.0 => /usr/lib/libxcb-randr.so.0 (0x00007f369566e000)
libxcb-shape.so.0 => /usr/lib/libxcb-shape.so.0 (0x00007f369546a000)
libxcb-keysyms.so.1 => /usr/lib/libxcb-keysyms.so.1 (0x00007f3695267000)
libxcb-xinerama.so.0 => /usr/lib/libxcb-xinerama.so.0 (0x00007f3695062000)
libxcb-xkb.so.1 => /usr/lib/libxcb-xkb.so.1 (0x00007f3694e45000)
libxkbcommon-x11.so.0 => /usr/lib/libxkbcommon-x11.so.0 (0x00007f3694c3d000)
libfontconfig.so.1 => /usr/lib/libfontconfig.so.1 (0x00007f36949f9000)
libfreetype.so.6 => /usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6 (0x00007f369473c000)
libglib-2.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/libglib-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f3694429000)
libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00007f36940e8000)
libxkbcommon.so.0 => /usr/lib/libxkbcommon.so.0 (0x00007f3693ea8000)
libQt5DBus.so.5 => /usr/lib/libQt5DBus.so.5 (0x00007f3693c1d000)
libpthread.so.0 => /usr/lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f3693a00000)
libm.so.6 => /usr/lib/libm.so.6 (0x00007f36936fc000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /usr/lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f36934e5000)
libpng16.so.16 => /usr/lib/libpng16.so.16 (0x00007f36932ad000)
libharfbuzz.so.0 => /usr/lib/libharfbuzz.so.0 (0x00007f369304e000)
libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0x00007f3692e38000)
libGL.so.1 => /usr/lib/libGL.so.1 (0x00007f3692bc4000)
libicui18n.so.57 => /usr/lib/libicui18n.so.57 (0x00007f369274a000)
libicuuc.so.57 => /usr/lib/libicuuc.so.57 (0x00007f36923a2000)
libpcre16.so.0 => /usr/lib/libpcre16.so.0 (0x00007f3692137000)
libdl.so.2 => /usr/lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f3691f33000)
librt.so.1 => /usr/lib/librt.so.1 (0x00007f3691d2b000)
libsystemd.so.0 => /usr/lib/libsystemd.so.0 (0x00007f3691ca3000)
/usr/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00005586406b4000)
libXext.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXext.so.6 (0x00007f3691a91000)
libuuid.so.1 => /usr/lib/libuuid.so.1 (0x00007f369188c000)
libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXau.so.6 (0x00007f3691686000)
libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib/libXdmcp.so.6 (0x00007f3691480000)
libxcb-util.so.1 => /usr/lib/libxcb-util.so.1 (0x00007f369127a000)
libexpat.so.1 => /usr/lib/libexpat.so.1 (0x00007f3691050000)
libbz2.so.1.0 => /usr/lib/libbz2.so.1.0 (0x00007f3690e40000)
libpcre.so.1 => /usr/lib/libpcre.so.1 (0x00007f3690bcb000)
libdbus-1.so.3 => /usr/lib/libdbus-1.so.3 (0x00007f369097b000)
libgraphite2.so.3 => /usr/lib/libgraphite2.so.3 (0x00007f369074f000)
libxcb-dri3.so.0 => /usr/lib/libxcb-dri3.so.0 (0x00007f369054c000)
libxcb-present.so.0 => /usr/lib/libxcb-present.so.0 (0x00007f3690349000)
libxshmfence.so.1 => /usr/lib/libxshmfence.so.1 (0x00007f3690146000)
libglapi.so.0 => /usr/lib/libglapi.so.0 (0x00007f368ff15000)
libXdamage.so.1 => /usr/lib/libXdamage.so.1 (0x00007f368fd12000)
libXfixes.so.3 => /usr/lib/libXfixes.so.3 (0x00007f368fb0c000)
libxcb-glx.so.0 => /usr/lib/libxcb-glx.so.0 (0x00007f368f8f0000)
libxcb-dri2.so.0 => /usr/lib/libxcb-dri2.so.0 (0x00007f368f6eb000)
libXxf86vm.so.1 => /usr/lib/libXxf86vm.so.1 (0x00007f368f4e5000)
libdrm.so.2 => /usr/lib/libdrm.so.2 (0x00007f368f2d3000)
libicudata.so.57 => /usr/lib/libicudata.so.57 (0x00007f368d857000)
libresolv.so.2 => /usr/lib/libresolv.so.2 (0x00007f368d640000)
libcap.so.2 => /usr/lib/libcap.so.2 (0x00007f368d43c000)
liblzma.so.5 => /usr/lib/liblzma.so.5 (0x00007f368d216000)
liblz4.so.1 => /usr/lib/liblz4.so.1 (0x00007f368d004000)
libgcrypt.so.20 => /usr/lib/libgcrypt.so.20 (0x00007f368ccf3000)
libgpg-error.so.0 => /usr/lib/libgpg-error.so.0 (0x00007f368cadf000)
$ ldd /usr/bin/phantomjs
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffca6b6d000)
libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0x00007f1160fb8000)
libsqlite3.so.0 => /usr/lib/libsqlite3.so.0 (0x00007f1160ca6000)
libfontconfig.so.1 => /usr/lib/libfontconfig.so.1 (0x00007f1160a62000)
libfreetype.so.6 => /usr/lib/libfreetype.so.6 (0x00007f11607a5000)
libssl.so.1.0.0 => /usr/lib/libssl.so.1.0.0 (0x00007f1160534000)
libcrypto.so.1.0.0 => /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.1.0.0 (0x00007f11600bc000)
libicui18n.so.57 => /usr/lib/libicui18n.so.57 (0x00007f115fc42000)
libicuuc.so.57 => /usr/lib/libicuuc.so.57 (0x00007f115f89a000)
libicudata.so.57 => /usr/lib/libicudata.so.57 (0x00007f115de1e000)
libdl.so.2 => /usr/lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f115dc1a000)
librt.so.1 => /usr/lib/librt.so.1 (0x00007f115da12000)
libpthread.so.0 => /usr/lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f115d7f5000)
libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f115d46d000)
libm.so.6 => /usr/lib/libm.so.6 (0x00007f115d169000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /usr/lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f115cf52000)
libc.so.6 => /usr/lib/libc.so.6 (0x00007f115cbb4000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f11611ce000)
libexpat.so.1 => /usr/lib/libexpat.so.1 (0x00007f115c98a000)
libbz2.so.1.0 => /usr/lib/libbz2.so.1.0 (0x00007f115c77a000)
libpng16.so.16 => /usr/lib/libpng16.so.16 (0x00007f115c544000)
libharfbuzz.so.0 => /usr/lib/libharfbuzz.so.0 (0x00007f115c2e5000)
libglib-2.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/libglib-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f115bfd2000)
libgraphite2.so.3 => /usr/lib/libgraphite2.so.3 (0x00007f115bda6000)
libpcre.so.1 => /usr/lib/libpcre.so.1 (0x00007f115bb33000)
Then, what I found as suggestion was that perhaps the Qt platform plugins could not be found. This can be fixed by setting an env var. Unfortunately this did not help either.
$ export QT_QPA_PLATFORM_PLUGIN_PATH=/usr/lib/qt/plugins/platforms/
$ phantomjs --version
This application failed to start because it could not find or load the Qt platform plugin "xcb".
Available platform plugins are: phantom (from /usr/lib/qt/plugins/platforms/), phantom.
Reinstalling the application may fix this problem.
PhantomJS has crashed. Please read the bug reporting guide at
<http://phantomjs.org/bug-reporting.html> and file a bug report.
Aborted (core dumped)
And now I am running out of ideas…